However, they don’t carry inherent legal status unless specifically required by an institution or an authority. For example, in France, for being granted a certification for a sworn translator, one must pass a language and legal knowledge exam, undergo a background check and prove a clean criminal record. Finally, the original certification is granted for 3 years and needs to be renew... https://hedge.fachschaft.informatik.uni-kl.de/Jhf4TgWJSG65Uauv0a_GJQ/