Abstract Predation reduces the population density of prey. affecting its fitness and population dynamics. Few studies have connected trait changes with fitness consequences in prey and the molecular basis and metabolic mechanisms of such changes in bat-insect systems. This study focuses on the responses of Helicoverpa armigera to different predation risks. https://www.jmannino.com/special-deal-A-Magazine-Curated-By-Sacai-quick-pick/